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原帖地址: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_8d31c0700102wm4n.html

V - SPEEDS DEFINED

This information is based on data provided by Kenny Stone (DC3-603), George Leach (DC3-754), a search of the Internet and FS2000 manuals.

Numbers are usually stated, as in "Vee One" for V1. Lower case letters, many times shown as a subscript font, are referred to as "sub" as in "Vee sub a" for Va.

V1 - Takeoff Decision Speed - maximum speed during takeoff that will allow the pilot to stop on the remaining runway in case of a rejected (aborted) takeoff.

V2 - Takeoff Safety Speed - Speed at 35 feet AGL assuming engine failure at V1.

Va - Maneuvering Speed - Sometimes referred to as the "speed for maximum control deflection" or the "rough air airspeed." When flying above this speed it is unwise to make full, abrupt application of the primary flight controls and gust-induced loads can exceed the structural design limit.

Vb - Turbulence Penetration Speed - design speed for maximum gust intensity. Developed by the designer as a recommended turbulence penetration speed for an aircraft in severe turbulence

Vbg - Best Power-off Glide Speed - the CAS that provides minimum drag thus a best glide ratio, providing the greatest flight distance available from the potential energy of height.

Vbe - Best Endurance Speed - the CAS that gives the greatest airborne time for fuel aboard, i.e., the least fuel consumption per hour.

Vbr - Best Range Speed - the speed that provides a lift/drag ratio that provides minimum drag and minimum power required and consequently greatest air distance for fuel on board.

Vc - Cruise Speed - the design cruising speed or the optimum cruise speed. Vd - Design Dive Speed - Is usually 1.4 times Vno.

Vg - Best Glide Speed - The speed that will afford the best range for a given altitude without engine power.

Vh - Maximum Level Flight Indicated Speed (CAS) - the maximum using continuous engine power.

Vfe - Maximum Flap Extended Speed - The maximum speed for flight with flaps extended. Indicated by the top end of the White Arc on the Airspeed Indicator. Higher speeds, with flaps down, may result in damage to the flaps or to the extension mechanism

Vle - Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed - For planes with

retractable landing gear, the maximum speed at which the gear can remain extended without damage to gear doors.

Vlo - Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed - For planes with retractable landing gear, the maximum speed at which the landing gear system can be operated (extend or retract).

Vmc - Minimum Control Speed - This is a speed the manufacturer determines based on eight factors specified by the FAA. In general, with gear down and flaps in takeoff position, it is the minimum speed where the pilot can maintain control of the aircraft with the critical engine inoperative.

Vmd - Minimum Descent Speed - The speed that results in the lowest rate of sink in a power-off glide, providing the longest duration of flight from the potential energy of height.

Vmo - Maximum Operating Speed - The speed that must not be exceeded in any flight regime.

Vmu - Minimum Unstick Speed - An indicated speed (CAS) used in take-off conditions where it is advisable to lift off at the lowest possible airspeed to get the tires off the surface, e.g. soft field or wet grass and safely fly in ground effect until Vtoss is attained.

Vne - Never Exceed Speed - The speed, which must not be exceeded in smooth air. The Red Line at the top end of the Airspeed Indicator's Yellow Arc. Vne is set at 90% of Vd to provide a "flutter" margin.

Vno - Maximum Structural Cruise Speed - When cruising at, and below, Vno the aircraft should not be damaged by a 30 feet/second vertical gust. It is indicated by the top end of the Airspeed Indicator's Green Arc. Smooth air only for speeds in the Yellow Arc.

Vr - Rotation Speed - The speed at which the pilot raises the nose up for takeoff.

Vref - Final Approach - A safe speed for final approach and it should be 1.3 times Vso

Vs - Stalling Speed - The minimum steady flight speed obtained in a specific configuration (clean) indicated by the bottom end of the Green Arc on the Airspeed Indicator.

Vs1 - Stalling Speed - Same as Vs, except for a specific configuration.

Vso - Stalling Speed Landing - The minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration. Bottom of the White Arc on the Airspeed Indicator.

Vtoss - Minimum Takeoff Safety Speed - An indicated speed (CAS) chosen to ensure that adequate control will still exist during initial climb after lift off under conditions of turbulence - or even engine failure. After lift off the aircraft should not be allowed to climb away until Vtoss is attained.

Vx - Best Angle Of Climb Speed - The speed that will produce the greatest amount of height over the shortest ground distance using maximum thrust available.

Vxse - Best Angle Of Climb Speed, Single Engine - The same as Vx based on a single engine.

Vy - Best Rate Of Climb Speed - The speed that will produce the most height in the shortest time using maximum power.

Vyse - Best Rate Of Climb Speed, Single Engine - The same as Vy based on a single engine.

·指示空速( Indicated Air Speed )

指示空速又称表速,用符号VI 表示,其读数是修正了仪表误差后,空速表的指示速度。该速度的常用缩写表达式为IAS。

·校正空速(Calibrated Air Speed)

校正空速用符号VC表示,是指示空速数值经过位置误差修正后的空速表读数,其缩写形式为CAS。

·当量空速(Equivalent Air Speed)

当量空速用符号VE 表示,是校正空速数据经过具体高度的绝热压缩流修正后的空速表读数,其缩写形式用EAS表示。

·真实空速(True Air Speed)

真实空速又称真空速,用符号VT 表示,是表示飞机飞行时相对于周围空气的速度,其缩写形式为TAS。

·地速(Ground Speed)

地速用符号VG 表示,是表示飞机在一种固定的地面坐标系中的飞行速度。

·临界发动机失效速度(Critical Engine Failure Speed)

临界发动机失效速度用符号VEF 表示,是假定临界发动机失效时的速度,用校正空速表示。

·起飞决断速度(Decision Speed)

起飞决断速度又称决断速度,用符号VI 表示,是飞行员能决定中断起飞并保证飞机在跑道限制长度内停下的最大速度。

·抬前轮速度(Rotation Speed)

抬前轮速度用符号VR 表示,是在起飞滑跑中驾驶员开始抬起前轮时的速度,以校正空速表示,抬前轮的速率大约为每秒2.5-3度。

·离地速度(Liftoff Speed)

离地速度用符号VLOF 表示,是飞机离开地面开始腾空瞬间的速度,这表明该瞬间飞机的升力开始大于机重,用校正空速表示。

·最小离地速度(Minimum Unstick Speed)

最小离地速度用符号Vmu 表示,在等于和高于该速度时,在全发工作或一发失效情况下飞机能安全离地并继续起飞,不会出现机尾触地的危险。

·起飞安全速度(Takeoff Safety Speed)

起飞安全速度又称起飞爬升速度(Takeoff Climb Speed),用符号V2 表示,是当飞机在一发失效时达到离地面上空35英尺时应达到的最小爬升速度,以校正空速表示。

·地面最小操纵速度(Minimum Speed for Control on Ground)

地面最小操纵速度用符号Vmcg表示,为校正空速。在该速度,临界发动机突然停车时,有可能使用气动主操纵(不用前轮转向和差动刹车)来恢复对飞机的操纵,用正常的驾驶技巧和不大于规定的操纵力能安全地完成继续起飞,并保证飞机在跑道上航迹偏离跑道中心线的水平距离不大于9米(30英尺)。

·空中最小操纵速度(Minimum Speed for Control in Air)

空中最小操纵速度用符号Vmca表示,为校正空速。在该速度时,临界发动机突然停车,能在该发动机停车而其余发动机为起飞推力情况下保持对飞机的操纵,并维持零偏航和坡度不大于5度的直线飞行。在纠偏过程中,只需正常的驾驶技巧且不超过规定的操纵力,航向变化不大于20度且不能出现危险的飞行姿态。

·全发工作着陆进场期间的最小操纵速度(Minimum Control Speed during Approach and Landing)

全发工作着陆进场期间的最小操纵速度用符号Vmcl表示,为校正空速,在该速度,当临界发动机突然停车时,能在该发动机继续停车的情况下,恢复对飞机的操纵,并维持零偏航或不大于5度的直线飞行。

·失速速度(Stall Speed)

失速速度是飞机可以操纵的定常飞行的最小速度,用符号Vs表示,以海里/小时计。当迎角明显大于最大升力系数所对应的迎角时,机翼上表面出现气流分离现象,使升力系数降低,并出现清晰可见的飞机失速现象。

文章源地址: https://www.cnblogs.com/mahocon/p/8615210.html

ospp.vbs是什么文件?激活过程cscript ospp.vbs命令详解
  在Office 2013激活过程中我们经常会用到cscript ospp.vbs这个命令。那么,很有必要来了解一下,ospp.vbs到底是什么文件?Cscript.exe是脚本运行引擎,这里就不多介绍了。ospp全称为:Office Software Protection Platform,vbs大家都知道是脚本文件,所以得出结论,ospp.vbs就是:Office软件保护平台脚本。它是目前Office自身提供的激活管理工具。

ospp.vbs文件在哪里?

该脚本位于%安装目录%\ Program Files文件\微软Office \ Office15文件夹中。如果您运行的是32位Office 2013的64位操作系统,该脚本位于%安装目录%\程序文件(x86)\微软Office \ Office15文件夹中。

ospp.vbs命令介绍

命令有很多,不一一全部介绍了,说说几个激活过程中的常用命令。为了让大家看得更明白,下面我以我虚拟机里的Office 2003 Pro Plus做个演示。

ospp.vbs

cscript ospp.vbs /dstatus

显示当前已安装产品密钥的许可证信息。可以查看到自已安裝的版本有多少个序列号。

ospp.vbs

cscript ospp.vbs /unpkey:xxxxx

卸载已安装的产品密钥。后面的数字是密钥的最后5位数。

此时再执行cscript ospp.vbs /dstatus发现产品密钥已经没有了,我重新进行导入。

ospp.vbs

cscript ospp.vbs /inpkey:xxxxx……
安装、替换现有的产品密钥。和上面的过程刚好相反。

cscript ospp.vbs /sethst:x.x.x.x
设置KMS主机名。一般为IP地址。

cscript ospp.vbs /act
激活当前安装的Office。

cscript ospp.vbs /remhst
删除KMS主机名。

一般来说掌握这么几个就可以了,如果你想要全面了解,我从微软官方网站上找到了全部的命令帮助说明,慢慢学习研究吧!

Global options for ospp.vbs

/act Activates installed Office 2013 product keys.
/inpkey:value Installs a product key (replaces existing key) with user-provided product key. Value option is required.
/unpkey:value Uninstalls an installed product key with the last five digits of the product key to uninstall (as displayed by the /dstatus option). Value parameter is required.
/inslic:value Installs a license with user-provided path of the .xrm-ms license. Value parameter is required.
/dstatus Displays license information for installed product keys.
/dstatusall Displays license information for all installed licenses.
/dhistoryacterr Displays the failure history for MAK/Retail activation.
/dinstid Displays Installation ID for offline activation.
/actcid:value Activates product with user-provided Confirmation ID. Value parameter is required.
/rearm Resets the licensing status for all installed Office 2013 product keys.
/rearm:value Resets the licensing status for an Office 2013 license with a user-provided SKUID value. Value parameter is required.
Use this option with the SKUID value specified by using the /dstatus option if you have run out of rearms and have activated Office through KMS or AD-based activation to gain an additional rearm.
/ddescr:value Displays the description for a user-provided error code. Value parameter is required.
KMS client options for ospp.vbs

/dhistorykms Displays KMS client activation history.
/dcmid Displays KMS client machine ID (CMID).
/sethst:value Sets a KMS host name with a user-provided host name. Value parameter is required.
This sets HKLM\Software\Microsoft\OfficeSoftwareProtectionPlatform\KeyManagementServiceName (REG_SZ).
/setprt:value Sets a KMS port with a user-provided port number. Value parameter is required.
This sets HKLM\Software\Microsoft\OfficeSoftwareProtectionPlatform\KeyManagementServicePort (REG_SZ).
/remhst Removes KMS host name (sets port to default).
/cachst:value Allows or denies KMS host caching. Value parameter is required (TRUE or FALSE).
/actype:value (Windows 8 and newer versions only) Sets volume activation type. Value parameter is required.
Values: 1 (for Active Directory-Based), 2 (for KMS). 0 (for both).
/skms-domain:value (Windows 8 and newer versions only) Sets the specific DNS domain in which all KMS SRV records can be found. This setting has no effect if the specific single KMS host is set by the /sethst option. Value parameter is the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) and is required.
/ckms-domain (Windows 8 and newer versions only) Clears the specific DNS domain in which all KMS SRV records can be found. The specific KMS host is used if it is set by the /sethst option. Otherwise, auto-discovery of the KMS host is used.
用在线Google翻译如下。机器翻译肯定不会很通顺,不过能大慨看懂。

全局命令

/ ACT 激活安装的Office 2013产品密钥。
/ inpkey:值 用户提供的产品密钥安装产品密钥(替换现有密钥)。值选项是必需的。
/ unpkey:值 卸载已安装的产品密钥的最后5位数字的产品密钥卸载(显示的/ dstatus选项)。Value参数是必需的。
/ inslic:值 安装许可证的。XRM-MS许可证的用户提供的路径。Value参数是必需的。
/ dstatus 显示已安装的产品密钥的许可证信息。
/ dstatusall 显示所有已安装许可证的许可信息。
/ dhistoryacterr 显示的故障历史记录的MAK /零售激活。
/ dinstid 显示安装ID为脱机激活。
/ actcid:值 用户提供的确认ID激活产品。Value参数是必需的。
/重新武装 复位的授权状态,所有已安装的Office 2013产品密钥。
/重整价值 重设许可状态的Office 2013许可证与用户提供SKUID的价值。Value参数是必需的。
使用此选项指定的值通过使用的/ dstatus选项,如果你有用完的重新激活和已激活的Office通过KMS或基于AD-激活的获得额外的重新武装SKUID 。
/ ddescr:值 显示为用户提供的错误代码的描述。Value参数是必需的。
KMS客户端的命令

/ dhistorykms 显示KMS客户端激活历史记录。
/ dcmid 显示KMS客户端计算机ID(CMID)。
/ sethst:值 设置KMS主机名和用户提供的主机名。Value参数是必需的。
此设置HKLM \软件\微软\ OfficeSoftwareProtectionPlatform \ KeyManagementServiceName(REG_SZ)。
/ setprt:值 设置KMS端口与用户提供的端口号。Value参数是必需的。
此设置HKLM \软件\微软\ OfficeSoftwareProtectionPlatform \ KeyManagementServicePort(REG_SZ)。
/ remhst 删除KMS主机名(将端口设置为默认)。
/ cachst:值 允许或拒绝KMS主机缓存。Value参数是必需的(TRUE或FALSE)。
/ actype:值 (Windows 8和较新的版本只)设置批量激活的类型。Value参数是必需的。
值:1(基于Active Directory),2(KMS)。0(两个)。
/ SKMS域值 (Windows 8和较新的版本只)设置特定的DNS域的所有KMS SRV记录可以发现。如果特定的单一KMS主机的/ sethst选项,该设置没有任何影响。Value参数是完全合格的域名称(FQDN)是必需的。
/ CKMS域 (Windows 8和较新的版本只)清除所有KMS SRV记录可以发现特定的DNS域名。使用特定的KMS主机,如果它被设置的/ sethst选项。否则,自动发现使用的KMS主机。